Natech Accident
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Natech Accident
2024/04/16
Published

Units Involved

  1. Storage tank
    Storage: Atmospheric storage tank
    Storage tank containing naphtha at Bahrain state firm Bapco’s 14mn-barrel storage facility

Event Sequences

  1. Naphtha leakage and spread into the air
    1. Storage tank
    Heavy rains and strong winds that hit the Gulf, starting on 16 April, damaged the floating roof of a storage tank containing naphtha. The damage caused the stored naphtha to leak and its vapors to spread to nearby areas.
    1. Naptha
      Liquid hadrocarbon substance
    Initiating EventCritical EventMajor Event
    Component (Non-structural): Roof damage
    Heavy rains and strong winds that hit the Gulf starting on 16 April damaged the floating roof of a storage tank containing naphtha. The foam used to control the gas evaporation and prevent its spread into the air was displaced.
    Release: Gas, vapour, mist, or smoke release to air
    The damage caused the naphtha gas to leak.
    Dispersion: Substance in air
    The vapors of the leaked naphtha spread to nearby areas.
    Due to the displaced foam, gas odours were emitted. It was estimated that the highly volatile naphtha would remain in the air for approximately three days. The odours could persist for several days based on weather conditions, and in particular the direction of the wind (according to a Bapco Refining statement).

Weather Conditions

Rain
27 °C
52 %
Heavy rains and strong winds. The weather conditions and rainfall levels experienced by Bahrain were reported as exceptional and unprecedented.

Emergency Response

  • On-site hazmat team
  • Regional / national hazmat teams
Bapco Refining, in collaboration with the relevant authorities (i.e., Ministry of Interior, Public Security, Civil Defense, and Supreme Council for Environment), was managing the situation in line with the highest safety and security protocols.

National cadres cooperated to the response operations in controlling the leak, and emergency teams were ready to deal with any emergency if necessary.

On April 21, the Bapco refining confirmed that the operations to address the leakage in one of its Naphtha tanks in the Sitra area were near completion. The situation was under complete control on April 23, with significantly reduced naphtha levels in the tank.

Consequences

The leaked naphtha gas was non-toxic but it could cause minor side effects like nausea, suffocation (coughing, shortness of breath), and eye redness.
The leak had not affected the company’s refining or trading operations, according to a statement at MEES by a source at Bapco.

The cause of leak was under investigation and the assessment of damages and losses caused by the leak was ongoing as of April 23, 2024.
Strong gas odours. Inhalation of certain amount of the leaked gas could cause eye redness, coughing, shortness of breath, and nausea.

Remedial Activities

In a 24 April statement, Bapco says it has transferred the remaining naphtha, completed efforts to contain the leak and lifted the state of emergency within the company.
The damaged floating roof of the tank was been safely lowered to the bottom, marking a crucial step in the repair process.

Lessons Learned

The prompt response and collaboration averted a potential fire and minimised environmental impact.
ID: 127, Created: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 10:47:32 – Last Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:46:37

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