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eNatech- Natural-Hazard Triggered Technological Accidents Database
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Natech Accident
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The Joint Research Centre does not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data in eNatech. It also reserves the right to cancel or change records without prior notification.
Type
Natech Accident
Date
2024/04/16
Natural Hazard
Heavy Rainfall, Bahrain, 2024
Site
Bapco, Sitra Tank Farm, Bahrain Petroleum Company, Bahrain
Status
Published
Units Involved
Name
Storage tank
Type
Storage: Atmospheric storage tank
Description
Storage tank containing naphtha at Bahrain state firm Bapco’s 14mn-barrel storage facility
Event Sequences
Name
Naphtha leakage and spread into the air
Unit
1. Storage tank
Description
Heavy rains and strong winds that hit the Gulf, starting on 16 April, damaged the floating roof of a storage tank containing naphtha. The damage caused the stored naphtha to leak and its vapors to spread to nearby areas.
Substances Involved
Name
Naptha
Description
Liquid hadrocarbon substance
Initiating Event
Critical Event
Major Event
Component (Non-structural): Roof damage
Heavy rains and strong winds that hit the Gulf starting on 16 April damaged the floating roof of a storage tank containing naphtha. The foam used to control the gas evaporation and prevent its spread into the air was displaced.
Release: Gas, vapour, mist, or smoke release to air
The damage caused the naphtha gas to leak.
Dispersion: Substance in air
The vapors of the leaked naphtha spread to nearby areas.
Due to the displaced foam, gas odours were emitted. It was estimated that the highly volatile naphtha would remain in the air for approximately three days. The odours could persist for several days based on weather conditions, and in particular the direction of the wind (according to a Bapco Refining statement).
Weather Conditions
Precipitation
Rain
Temperature
27 °C
Humidity
52 %
Description
Heavy rains and strong winds. The weather conditions and rainfall levels experienced by Bahrain were reported as exceptional and unprecedented.
Emergency Response
Response Teams and Equipment Involved
On-site hazmat team
Regional / national hazmat teams
Response to the Natech Event
Bapco Refining, in collaboration with the relevant authorities (i.e., Ministry of Interior, Public Security, Civil Defense, and Supreme Council for Environment), was managing the situation in line with the highest safety and security protocols.
National cadres cooperated to the response operations in controlling the leak, and emergency teams were ready to deal with any emergency if necessary.
On April 21, the Bapco refining confirmed that the operations to address the leakage in one of its Naphtha tanks in the Sitra area were near completion. The situation was under complete control on April 23, with significantly reduced naphtha levels in the tank.
Consequences
Human Health Impacts
The leaked naphtha gas was non-toxic but it could cause minor side effects like nausea, suffocation (coughing, shortness of breath), and eye redness.
Economic Impacts
The leak had not affected the company’s refining or trading operations, according to a statement at MEES by a source at Bapco.
The cause of leak was under investigation and the assessment of damages and losses caused by the leak was ongoing as of April 23, 2024.
Community Disruption
Strong gas odours. Inhalation of certain amount of the leaked gas could cause eye redness, coughing, shortness of breath, and nausea.
Remedial Activities
Remediation Activities
In a 24 April statement, Bapco says it has transferred the remaining naphtha, completed efforts to contain the leak and lifted the state of emergency within the company.
Restoration Activities
The damaged floating roof of the tank was been safely lowered to the bottom, marking a crucial step in the repair process.
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned on Organisational Aspects
The prompt response and collaboration averted a potential fire and minimised environmental impact.
ID: 127, Created: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 10:47:32 – Last Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:46:37
Created: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 10:47:32
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 10:56:18
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:37:32
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:40:57
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:44:29
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-28 11:46:37
Attachments
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Description
File Size
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562.18KB
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103.71KB
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544.78KB
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1.48MB