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eNatech- Natural-Hazard Triggered Technological Accidents Database
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Natech Accident
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Type
Natech Accident
Date
2020/09/11
Natural Hazard
Heat, Jordan, 2020
Site ID
Site 118, Jordan
Status
Published
Units Involved
Name
Mortar bombs
Type
Storage: Warehouse
Description
Armed forces warehouse containing unusable mortar bombs.
Mortar shells are particularly vulnerable to high temperature and humidity, as they are powered by propellants that make them liable to launch at the slightest provocation. Chemical stabilisers are incorporated to prevent self-ignition, but these deplete rapidly with every five-degree-C increase above the ideal storage temperature, a depletion that accelerates if munitions are exposed to significant temperature swings throughout the day. Eventually, the stabiliser can be completely depleted, culminating in the explosion of the munitions site.
Event Sequences
Name
Explosion and fire at Jordanian military munitions depot
Unit
1. Mortar bombs
Description
A huge explosion occurred at a Jordanian military munitions depot early Friday (11/09/2020), sparking a large fire.
Initiating Event
Critical Event
Major Event
Substance: Over-heating
Preliminary findings indicated that a chemical reaction in a shell was triggered due to high temperatures amid a blistering heatwave in the desert country.
-
Explosion: Other
The chemical reaction in the shell developed into an explosion in the ammunition depot (which was being dismantled) near the city of Zarqa.
Fire: Other
A large fire broke out as a consequence of the explosion. Images on social media showed a huge ball of flames rising into the night sky, followed by several more explosions.
Weather Conditions
Precipitation
None
Temperature
40 °C
Emergency Response
Response to the Natech Event
The army closed off the area.
The area around the explosion was completely searched to ensure that there was no further danger, and the situation was under control (according to the General Imad al-Khamaysseh statement on television).
Consequences
Human Health Impacts
No casualties were reported at the base, which is located in an uninhabited area.
Community Disruption
Zarqa governorate, which has a population of about 1.5 million, has witnessed several explosions in past years, mainly caused by old munitions and fires in warehouses. It is also home to many factories and a free trade zone.
Lessons Learned
Lessons Learned on Equipment
The rising global temperatures can destabilise the components of munitions, particularly where explosives aren’t adequately stored. Extended exposure to extreme temperatures and humidity can lead a munition to become unstable and even self-destruct.
In these conditions, heated explosive materials can force their way through seals and filler plugs, typically the shell casing’s weakest points. The leaked explosives can react with air impurities to form dangerously volatile crystals on the exterior, capable of exploding with friction or motion.
Lessons Learned on Organisational Aspects
Appropriate storage conditions should be considered at munition depots exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity.
This is driven by the fact that intense heat can undermine munitions’ structural integrity, instigate the thermal expansion of explosive chemicals, and damage protective shields.
Past Natech accidents suggest that blasts at munition depots typically coincide with heatwaves, underscoring the direct impact of extreme heat on munition stability (e.g., a series of unplanned explosions at munitions sites in Iraq have occurred amidst long, scorching summers with temperatures often exceeding 45 degrees Celsius, 113 degrees Fahrenheit).
ID: 122, Created: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-27 14:09:00 – Last Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-27 14:48:34
Created: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-27 14:09:00
Updated: Kyriaki GKOKTSI, 2025-01-27 14:48:34
Attachments
No
Description
File Size
1.
Click here to select record
News article France 24
3.15MB
2.
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News article on Defence and Security Middle East
5.02MB